Conditions: if or ___?

GRAMMAR NOTE   Other words or phrases can be used in place of ‚if‘.  I won’t do anything unless you help me.  (=if you do not help me) I’ll leave some money here in case you need it.(=because you may need it) I’ll lend you the money provided that you pay me back in a week) I won’t go even if you beg me. (=it doesn’t matter if you beg me)

in case  or   if ?

 

1 My neighbors have gotten a watch dog.  _______ someone tries to break in they

 will have a big surprise.

2 I brought extra money_________the tickets for the show cost more than I expect.

3 The workers posted a ‚wet paint‘ sign on the doorway________someone doesn’t realize the paint is still wet.

4 ____ I get the new job I will move to Berne.

Unless  or  provided that ?

 

5 You can borrow my notes __________ you return them this afternoon.

6 She will not pass the exam_______she studies hard.

7 We will be late_______ we hurry.

 

8 __________it doesn’t rain, we will go for a walk.

Even if  or  in case ?

9 The concert starts at 8 pm.  It is 7:55 pm.    ______ we hurry, we will miss the beginning.

10 I’ll probably go home over the weekend.  But _________I don’t  would you like to

go to the museum with me?

11 I will clean my apartment ________ I have friends over this weekend.

12 I have alot of homework._______I work all evening on my homework I will not be finished.

 

Good Luck!

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KEY

1 if

2 in case

3 in case

4 if

5 provided that

6 unnless

7 unless

8 if

9 Even if

10 in case/if

11 in case

12 Even if

 

 

Noun Practice

Buildings Click the Start button to begin. This quiz has 22 questions. START

Noun Practice

Nouns   Click the Start button to begin.                        This quiz has 10 questions.

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Confusing Verbs: an advanced quiz

Are you seeing at the airplane in the sky?
Are you looking at the airplane in the sky?

When you think abut it carefully, you know the preposition 'at' is the clue to usage.

see + object
look + at + object

ONLINE QUIZ CLICK HERE




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A personal self description essay

Learning how to write an essay can be a frustrating process, but it doesn't have to be. If you understand what to do it will be easier. Here is a ten-step process that help you write an essay.
1.Research: Begin the essay writing process by researching yourself, making yourself an expert on you. Your name, how you have grown up, what you like and don’t like, what your expectations are and all that.  ‘About Me’ handout.

2. Analysis: Now that you have a good knowledge base, start analyzing yourself. Clearly define yourself. What are your strengths and weaknesses?

3. Brainstorming: Your essay will require insight of your own personal self.  Ask yourself 12 questions and answer them. Meditate with a pen in your hand. Take walks & think & think until you come up with original insights/things to write about. Draw, sketch, sing, think.  Who am I - what do I want? 

4. Thesis: Pick your best ideas and pin them down so that you can write your entire essay around these ideas. Your thesis is your main point, summed up in a concise sentence that lets the reader know where you're going, and why.

5. Outline: Sketch out your essay before straightway writing it out. Use one-line sentences to describe paragraphs, and bullet points to describe what each paragraph will contain. Play with the essay's order. Map out the structure of your argument, and make sure each paragraph is unified. Begin with the ‘About Me’ assignment!

6. Introduction: Now sit down and write the essay. The introduction should grab the reader's attention. Your intro is merely a buildup of the issue, a stage of bringing your reader into the writing.

(Note: The title & 1st paragraph are probably the most important elements in your essay. This is an essay-writing point that doesn't always sink in within the context of the classroom. In the first paragraph you either interest or lose the reader.) In the real world, readers make up their minds about whether or not to read your essay by glancing at the title alone.)

7. Paragraphs: Each individual paragraph should be focused on a single idea. Begin paragraphs with topic sentences, give examples of why/ evidence, and your ideas in the clearest way you can. Speak to your reader as if he or she were sitting in front of you. In other words, instead of writing the essay, try talking the essay.

8. Conclusion: End your critical self description essay by making an ending sentence, and then end on some memorable thought, perhaps a quotation, or an interesting twist of logic, or some important point about you.Is there something you want the reader to walk away with? Let him or her know exactly what.

9. MLA Style: Format your essay according to the correct guidelines for citation. All borrowed ideas & quotations should be correctly cited in the body of your text, followed up with a Works Cited (references) page listing the details of your sources.

10. Language: You're not done writing your essay until you've polished your language: correct the grammar, make sentences flow, adjust the formality, give it a level-headed tone, and make other intuitive edits. Proofread until it reads just how you want it to sound. You don't want to bungle the hours of work you've put into writing your essay by leaving a few sloppy misspellings &badly worded phrases.

Confusing Verbs: LIE and LAY

                                                        (legen oder  liegen?)

BASE FORM             SIMPLE PAST                       PAST PARTICIPLE

lay                               laid                                          laid

lie                                lay                                           lain

 Lay means "to place something down." It is something you do to something else. It is a transitive verb. ( to put-takes an object)

                        Incorrect: Lie the book on the table.

                        Correct: Lay the book on the table.
                        (It is being done to something else.)

Lie means "to recline" or "be placed." It does not act on anything or anyone else. It is an intransitive verb. (to recline-does not take an object)

                        Incorrect: Lay down on the couch.

                        Correct: Lie down on the couch.
                        (It is not being done to anything else.)

The reason lay and lie are confusing is their past tenses.

The past tense of lay is laid.

The past tense of lie is lay.

                        Incorrect: I lay it down here yesterday.

                        Correct: I laid it down here yesterday.
                        (It is being done to something else.)

                        Incorrect: Last night I laid awake in bed.

                        Correct: Last night I lay awake in bed.
                        (It is not being done to anything else.)

The past participle of lie is lain. The past participle of lay is like the past tense, laid.

Examples: I could have lain in bed all day.

They have laid an average of 500 feet of sewer line a day.

Layed is a misspelling and does not exist. Use laid.

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laid

Johnny Nash - sing along

http://esl-bits.net/Songs.for.English.Language.Learning/Happy/SeeClearlyNow/default.html



I can see clearly now, the rain is gone,
I can see all obstacles in my way
Gone are the dark clouds that had me blind....

Read the lyrics and sing along

Confusing Verbs: RAISE and RISE

The basic meaning of the two verbs, 'raise' and 'rise', is almost the same - moving up, from a low position to a higher position, either physically or metaphorically. The difference between them is grammatical.
'Raise' needs an object, and 'rise' cannot take an object. Example, “I think that the government of this country needs to raise taxes.” ('taxes' is the object of the verb);   OR “ I think that taxes need to rise.”    “We are always talking about the need to raise standards. ('standards' is the object of the verb)   OR  “Standards need to rise.”

raise / raised / raised(transitive verb) rise / rose / risen   (intransitive verb)

1. If you have any questions, ___ your hand and I'll try to help you.
raise
rise
2. The student ___ a very good question about the importance of security in the big cities.
rose
raised
3. The sun ___ in the east.
rises
raises

4. Our community ___ money for the victims of the plane accident.
is rising
is raising

5. He ___ to an important position in the company.
rose
raised

6. She's ___ three children without her husband's financial support.
raised
risen
7. Unemployment ___ quickly in the metropolitan areas.
is rising
is raising
8. They ___ chickens on their farm.
rise
raise
9. The price of gas ___ by 5%.
has raised
has risen

10. Don't ___ your voice to me! I'm still your boss.
rise
raise
11. The people decided to ___ up against the new government politics.
riseraise

 

 

Key

1.      raise your hand

2.      raised a good question

3.      rises in the east

4.      is raising money

5.      rose to an important position

6.      has raised three children

7.      is rising quickly

8.      raise chickens

9.      has risen

10.  raise your voice

rise up against

Mississippi John Hurt - sing along

http://esl-bits.net/Songs.for.English.Language.Learning/John_Hurt/Monday_Morning_Blues/default.html
Do you like the blues?

I woke up this morning... I woke up this morning...
Woke up this morning, with the Monday morning blues.
I couldn't hardly find... I couldn't hardly find...
I couldn't hardly find, my Monday morning shoes

Read the lyrics and sing along

Cat Stevens - sing along

Now that I've lost everything to you
You say you want to start something new
And it's breaking my heart you're leaving, baby I'm grieving
But if you want to leave take good care
Hope you have a lot of nice things to wear
But then a lot of nice things turn bad out there 

 

Read the lyrics and sing along